Wednesday, December 30, 2015

Addressing Post-TPLF Fears

Fear is an inability to imagine possibilities…..

By Dr. Ebissa Ragassa

There is great fear reverberating among Ethiopianist/Unionist that the sudden fall of TPLF will lead to Ethiopia’s disintegration. What Ethiopia may become after the fall of TPLF is a worrying scenario for many Ethiopianist however, in delaying to join Oromo’s peaceful uprising will not help the impending situation on the ground. Ethiopianist must see Oromo’s protest as people’s revolt against a regime that is bent on destroying the very foundation of our existence. Capitulation, hesitation on the part of Ethiopianist will only delay the removal of TPLF from power, in addition jeopardizing the hope of reviving Ethiopian unity post-TPLF.
Ethiopianist must stand in solidarity with their Oromo brothers and sisters who are waging a peaceful resistance in a face of a merciless enemy. Unless done so quickly when TPLF is scrambling to get a handle on the situation on the ground, Ethiopia’s fate will depend on what we do from this point on. Failure to take part in the uprising will undoubtedly raise a fundamental question whether Ethiopia is an idea worth preserving or is a facade. If Ethiopia’s unity is so fragile that the removal of TPLF will endanger our unity, then Ethiopia unity is in greater jeopardy than we imagine and we must quickly rethink the long-term strategies.
Already, the Oromo peaceful resistance has exposed TPLF’s vulnerabilities awaiting a joint effort to fully remove it from power. The uprising has damaged TPLF beyond repair, they can no longer continue to rule as they did before nor can they continue to rule by inciting ethnic fear, as such the primarily objective is to removal TPLF from power and make Ethiopia a common project. TPLF as an organization has de-evolved to the point of exclusively becoming an agent for foreign corporations by neglecting fundamental Ethiopia’s interest as evident by the lack of progress for past 25 years. The hope of transforming Ethiopia through TPLF is structurally and ideologically impossible. Given what is happening on the ground now, three possible outcomes could unfold post-TPLF.
The first scenario is that TPLF will fall and Ethiopia remains an intact country, this is not a remote possibility as will be discussed further. The second scenario would be Ethiopia will go through a referendum and each nation and nationalities will determine their own fate. The third scenario is that we do nothing, TPLF will continue to sell our lands to stay in power in the name of development and soon than later Ethiopia will become a failed state this a more likely, given the inherent ideology of TPLF.
Ethiopia has lost more than its gained under TPLF dictatorship. Eritrea had seceded fundamentally altering Ethiopia’s territorial integrity with TPLF spearheading the effort. Ethiopia had lost its port, a vital access to the sea that was purposely designed to cripple Ethiopian economically for years to come. TPLF had fundamentally lost internal legitimacy, thereby its continued existence is predicated on foreign military support and financial aid. Finally, Ethiopia is on the verge of becoming a failed state joining her neighbor Somalia where TPLF is acting as mercenary for western interest increasing regional instabilities. in any scenarios, TPLF is no longer a viable option.
There is no doubt that TPLF will fall, it is a matter of time, the eventuality of this should not be taken lightly, as such we must begin to think what kind of Ethiopia we wish to live in. There is more evidence and consensus among people as well as political leaders that Ethiopia will emerge stronger post-TPLF, provided Ethiopianist see Oromo’s peaceful protest as an opportunity rather than a threat. Failing to join the peaceful uprising by the unionist would undoubtedly lead to a catastrophic, a strategic mistake that will both derail the possibility of forming unified country and exacerbate the fragile nature of Ethiopia.
Skeptics may question this possibility of unified Ethiopia post-TPLF given our history and different political ideologies. It is indeed true history has not been kind to us, in fact, it has hindered the development of progressive state and allowed an opportunistic organization to emerge and dictated the term of Ethiopia without taking into account the history of all our people. Ethiopia’s definition changes based on who is in power, what it means to be Ethiopian under Haile Selassie is totally different than under TPLF, as well as Ethiopia’s history interpretations changes based on who is power. What it means to be Ethiopian post-TPLF will change as well, however, unlike the past where a narrow definition of Ethiopia is imposed on others, post-TPLF, the totality of our people’s experience, history, and contribution will be recognized.
Ethiopianist fear what Ethiopia may become, even fear whether it will even exist post-TPLF, knowing each regime that has taken power has manipulated Ethiopian history by championing narrow Ethiopia narrative to appease their power base to extend their rule. This has not only created conflict among peace loving people even after the demise of each regime but also created fertile ground for a dictatorship to reign thereafter. That is why many Ethiopian movements even with best of intentions had failed to transform themselves into ruling democratically once in power. The current Oromo revolt is not only about removing TPLF from power, but to end the rule of dictatorship, which would be a turning point in Ethiopian history.
As such the current Oromo revolt must be seen as a transformative process, that will lay a fertile ground for democracy. The participation of Ethiopianist in the current revolt is not only required to remove TPLF but also is a necessary step in post-TPLF democratic processes. If the unionists join in the struggle without delay, unity has already begun on a victorious ground in which all people had contributed to removing TPLF from power, alleviating the fear of returning to dictatorship post-TPLF. As such, a new beginning would in ensue, in which the people themselves take credit for removing TPLF from power laying seeds for representative democracy. Hence, a unified action will change Ethiopia’s trajectory, from which armed group had always claimed victory, in turn, subjected our people. Removal of TPLF through popular uprising will not only end tyrannical rule over our people but will change our people’s psyche, perception, that will undoubtedly deter undemocratic rule for generations to come, at the same time deploying a well-equipped citizens that develops itself through its own means and decide its own fate. A unionist joining peaceful struggle would only lead to a win-win situation despite the uncertainty of post-TPLF.
Many Ethiopianist indecisiveness to join the Oromo uprising claiming ethnic connotation and is in direct opposition to Ethiopianism would yield undesired results. While the current Oromo uprising was initiated in Oromia, at its core, it is a question of citizenship that all Ethiopian people have been yearning for. If the unionists make a joint effort in removing TPLF, the question of citizenship will be an integral part of our future. The new Ethiopia should be based on a constitution, sets of bills of rights that guarantees our citizens peace and prosperity. Basing Ethiopian unity solely on history and common bond will have disastrous consequences not only for current struggle but for the future. As such, unionist must accept and be ready to participate in the formation of new Ethiopia that is based on higher ideas that will continue to evolve with the needs of our citizens.
Another reason the unionist are hesitant to join the struggle is the demographic power of Oromo people threatens Ethiopian unity if TPLF is suddenly removed without placing some kind of political safeguard to protect against Ethiopian disintegration. The political safeguard Ethiopianist seek would have to be a bold, courageous act in themselves that will convey to other nation and nationality that Ethiopia unity extends far beyond one language, one flag, one history, as such Oromos being a the majority will make separation a difficult case to make. As a majority, even if it’s politically feasible, practically a very difficult task to ascertain secession. Therefore, it would be easier for Oromo people to rearrange Ethiopia in the way that brings peace and prosperity to all groups in the country than seek secession. However, if TPLF remains in power, the possibility of civil war are evident as internal colonization are already taking place. The expropriation of Ethiopian people’s resource, the rearrangement of internal boundaries without consent and the of selling fertile land to foreign companies will exacerbate people’s patients, as a matter of survival secession would be become the only option.
The Oromo peaceful movement has cracked and exposed TPLF’s vulnerabilities. To deal a final blow to this military dictatorship, we all need to stand in defiance against the regime. Our failure to do so will embolden TPLF further jeopardizing our people very existence. Is the fear of post-TPLF worse than living under TPLF rule? A new Ethiopia, without TPLF, is a risk worth taking.

Sunday, December 27, 2015

Hoogganootni Wayyaanee Copha Dhiigaa Lammii Oromoo Dhangalaasaa Jiran Hundaaf Gaafatamoo dha !

                                                            asxaa_oromo
December 26, 2015 
(oromoliberationfront.org) — Falmaa Ummatni Oromoo mirga isaa kabajsiifatuu fi jireenya Sabummaa ofiitti iggitii gochuuf gaggeessaa jiru irratti duula diinummaa fi shoorarkeessummaa Mootummaa Wayyaaneetiin banamee jiruun wareegamni Ummatni keenya baasaa jiru akkaan ulfaataadha.
Lakkuma roorroo fi tuffiin Wayyaaneen Ummata Oromoof qabu daangaa dabraa fi duulli inni eenyummaa Sabichaa dhabamsiisuuf gaggeessu sadarkaan isaa guddachaa deemeen, Ummatni keenya obsa isaa fixatuu irraa guutuu Oromiyaa keessatti sagalee tokkoon ol ka’ee mormii isaa karaa nagaa dhageessifachuu irratti argama.
Mootummaan Wayyaanee gaaffii Ummatni keenya karaa nagaatiin dhiheeffachaa jiruf deebisaa sirrii fi naga-qabeessa kennuu irra akkuma amala isaa humna waraanaa weerara alagaa biyyattii irraa tiksuuf ijaarame, lammiilee nagaa fi meesha-maleyyii irratti bobbaasuudhaan mormii karaa nagaa kana dhaabuuf yaalaa jira. Ummatni garuu obsa isaa fixatee waan jiruuf bobbaa waraanaa kanaaf osoo hin jilbeenfanne Fincila isaa bifa adda addaan itti fufee jira.
Haala ni mul’ata jedhamee hin eegamnee fi hin yaadamneen mormii karaa nagaa akka galaana guutee dambali’uun Oromiyaa irra dhangala’e kanaan kan rifate mootummaan Wayyaanee tarkaanfii suukanneessaa fudhatuun mormii kana dhaamsuuf murteeffatee ajjeechaa gara jabinaa fi suukanneessaa raawwachaa jiruun hiriira shorarkeessota dhiiga lammiilee nagaa dhangalaasuudhaan kaayyoo ofii galmaan gahachuu barbaadanii seenuu isaa caalaatti mirkaneessaa jira.
Labsa lolaa Muddee 15, bara 2015 Ummata Oromoo irratti karaa midiyaa isaa ifatti labsee eeglee, gochaan inni Ummata Oromoo irratti raaw’achaa jiru mootummaan kun hangam ummata Oromoo akka diinomfatee jiru kanneen hanga ammaatti hin hubanne hubachiisee jira. Tarkaanfiin fudhataa jirus tarkaanfii shoorarkeessitootaan addummaa kan hin qabne tahuu mamii tokko malee mirkaneessa. Akkuma murnootni finxaaleyyii ummata nagaa anaan deggeri ykn fedhii kiyya guuti jechuudhaan dirqisiisuun kan isaaniin morme ykn fedha isaanii guutuu dadhabe gorra’an, Wayyaaneenis lammiilee Oromoo fayyaaleyyii ajjeessuun humnaan fedhii isaa guuttatuuf humna waraanaa qabuun lola Ummata Oromoo irratti baneen agarsiisaa jira.
Gartuuleen shoorarkeessotaa ummata amantiidhaan adda baasuun kan ofii mararfatuun kaan akka dhabamu ykn amantoota irratti tarkaanfii suukanneessaa fudhatuun akkuma beekaman, mootummaan Wayyaanes lammiilee Oromoo ummatoota kaan irraa Sabummaadhaan adda baasuun ajjeesuu, hidhuu fi biyya irraa ari’uu irratti argama. Shorarkessotni ummata meesha-maleeyyii fi isaan miidhuu hin dandeenye gara jabinaan akkuma fixan, mootummaan Wayyaanees, mootummaa haadha fi ilmoo wal irratti ajjeesu dha.
Skororkeessotni dhala namaaf kan kabajaa fi jaalala hin qabne tahuu irraa tarkaanfii suukanneessaa fi rifaasisaa fudhatuun akeeka isaanii fiixa baafatuuf akkuma yaalan, gartuun murna bicuu Wayyaanees ajjeesee reeffa dhala namaa haala kabajaa hin qabneen gatuu, akka eenyummaan isaa hin beekamnetti cicciranii ajjeessuu fi gubuu, awwaala dhorkatuun hammeenya bineensummaa irratti raawwatuun beekama.
Mootummaan Wayyaanee gochaa isaa kanneeniin hanga ammaatti lammiilee Oromoo 85 ol ajjeesuun mirkana. Kumootaan kan lakkaawaman rasaasaa fi reebichaan akka qaamaa gaaga’aman godhee jira. Kuma kudhanootaan ammo manneen hidhaa hin beekamnee fi beekamanitti guuree hiraarsaa jira.
Kana hundaan kan hin quufne gartuun murna bicuu Wayyaanee ummata Oromoo kessaa beekaa fi qaroo dhabsiisuu irratti kan qiyyaafate gochaa hammeenyaa hedduu raaw’achaa jira. Akkasumas, akka seera biyyattiitti kanneen karaa nagaa qabsaa’uuf waadaa seenan hogganoota jaarmayaa siyaasaa mormitootaa KFO tahan kanneen akka Obbo Baqqalaa Garbaa, Dajanee Xaafaa fi qondaalotaa fi miseensota sadarkaa adda addaa guutummaa Oromiyaa keessaa qabuun hidhaatti darbuudhaan dalagaa shorarkeessummaa bal’inaan itti fufee jira.
ABOn ajjeechaa, reebichaa fi hidhaa jimlaan ummata Oromoo irratti Wayyaaneedhaan raawwatamaa jiru kana cimsee balaaleffata. Lammiilee Oromoo kanneen seeraan alatti ajjeefamaniif kanneen ajaja farrummaa dabarsanii fi ajaja seeraan alaa kana hojii irra oolchan qaama walaba taheen akka qoratamus gaafata. Hawaasni addunyaa fi jaarmayootni mirga dhala namaaf falman hundi, mirga Sabummaa fi namoomaa Itophiyaa keessatti jimlaan cabsamaa jiru kanaaf kanneen gaafatamoo tahan murtii seeraatti dhiheessuu irratti qooda irraa eegamu akka gumaachan ABO gadi jabeessee yaadachiisa.
Injifannoo Ummata Oromoof !
Adda Bilisummaa Oromoo
Muddee 26, 2015

TPLF Leaders will be Responsible for the Bleeding of the Oromo Nationals

Statement of the Oromo Liberation Front
asxaa_oromoThe bitter struggle the Oromo people are waging to protect their rights and to maintain their very existence as a nation and the sacrifices they are paying to defend the declaration war and an act of terrorism currently perpetrated on them by the TPLF-led Ethiopian regime is extremely heavy.
As the regime displays its utmost contempt to the Oromo people and intensifies the war of aggression to exterminate the Oromo race, the determination of the Oromo people is getting more and more strengthened and they are intensifying their peaceful protest by the day.
The TPLF/EPRDF (aka Woyane) minority regime in Ethiopia, instead of giving the appropriate response to the legitimate questions of the Oromo people presented through peaceful means, is attempting to put down the ongoing protests through force of arms by deploying the regular army which is supposed to be used to defend the country from an external aggression and is shamelessly engaged in terrorizing the unarmed civilian population.
It is vividly seen that the oppressed people are not fearful of the force of arms and are not flinching from protesting. They have continued their opposition through various means of non-violent struggle.
In unexpected turn of events, the over-flooded non-violent protest in Oromia has shocked the repressive Woyane regime forcing it to decide to stop the movement by committing heinous atrocities and merciless killings, massive imprisonments, severe beatings and torture as usual.
In doing so, the regime has proved itself to be the category of states committing state-terrorism by spilling the blood of peaceful and innocent civilian population.
The open declaration of war of December 15, 2015 in which it labelled the protesting Oromo school children as “terrorists” and ordered its forces to take “merciless action” against them and its immediate action to put the declaration into practice has proved that the regime is no different from the well-known terrorist groups of the globe.
Just like terrorist groups that terrorize peaceful citizens to support them and to fulfill their wishes and interests and behead those who refuse their demand, the TPLF-Woyane regime is forcing innocent and peaceful Oromo citizens to fulfill its interest by killing them with military force for no reason other than asking their legitimate rights.
Just as terrorist groups divide the population through religious lines, prevent people from freely practicing their own religion and mercilessly behead those who are not willing to follow their religion, the Woyane regime is also openly engaged into discriminating and targeting the Oromo people from the rest of the citizens of the country and killing, arresting, and harassing only because of their nationality. Just as terrorists mercilessly massacre unarmed civilians, the TPLF-Woyane regime is killing school children in front of their parents and parents in front of their children.
The current killing of a mother for attempting to save her son and also wounded her son after killing the mother on the spot in Chanka, Kelem Wollega zone is a case in point. Just as terrorists do not have any respect for the dignity of human being and impose their wishes through brutal killings, the minority TPLF-Woyane regime is showing its savage character by killing and hiding the bodies of those that are killed, deny burial in several cases.
At this point, it is confirmed that the TPLF-Woyane regime has killed at least 85 Oromo nationals. Thousands have been injured and disabled by bullets and beating. Tens of thousands are rounded up and undergoing severe torture. The killings, arrests, beatings, and severe torture are continuing with intensity as we write.
Unsatisfied by all these atrocities, the TPLF Woyane minority regime has intensified its act of terrorism by eliminating the most conscious and educated elites of the Oromo society and has continued arresting leaders of the opposition Oromo Federalist Congress (OFC) political party, the university lecturer Mr. Bekele Gerba, the lawyer Mr. Dejene Tafa, and several leaders of various levels of the party.
The Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) strongly condemns the unlawful beatings, mass arrests, torture and killings perpetrated on the Oromo people by this terrorist TPLF-Woyane regime.
We demand that an independent investigative body identify those who are killed, those who participated on the killings and those who gave the orders of the killings and other atrocities.
The OLF ones again appeals to the international community and human rights organizations to bring to justice the perpetrators of the gross human rights of violations on the Oromo nationals in particular and other citizens of the country in general.
Victory to the Oromo People! 
Oromo Liberation Front 
December 26, 2015

Oromia Regional State /Ethiopia: More Victims of Extra-Judicial Killings, Kidnappings, Arrests and Detentions

                                                          HRLHA
December 27, 2015 
HRLHA Urgent Action
The Human Rights League of the Horn of Africa (HRLHA) has confirmed that deaths resulting from the ongoing crackdown of peaceful protesters in various parts of the regional state of Oromia has now reached 122, while mass arrests and detentions have also been intensified.
bekeleTop officials of the opposition Oromo Federalist Congress (OFC) party have been targeted in the most recent cases of kidnappings, arrests and detentions. Accordingly, Mr. Dajane Tafa, Deputy General Secretary of OFC, was kidnapped by federal armed forces and taken away to yet unknown destination yesterday morning, December 24, 2015 around the area known as Giyorgis, in the centre of the Capital Finfinne/Addis Ababa on his way to work. In the same way, Mr. Bekele Garba, Deputy Chairman of the OFC, who spent about four years in jail on fabricated allegations and released recently, was also arrested yesterday afternoon from his home in Adama and taken away also by armed federal forces.
HRLHA has been informed that homes of both Mr. Dajane Tafa and Mr. Bekele Garba have been searched for hours; and that of Mr. Bekele Gerba in particular remained invaded and surrounded by the federal armed forces until late in the afternoon.
gamachisAlso, Gemechis an accountant and employee of Ethiopian Commercial bank Hana Mariam branch was taken  by security force from his work place  at around 10am on December 16, 2015 detained at Mi’kelwi.  Eight medical students  (Haymano tGizachew, Bacha Tesfaye, Sambato Tolera, Taddese Mossisa, Dawit Qanate, Gebiyaw Ambaw, another Haymanot, and Markos) who were in the final years of their studies, were arrested on the 21st of December, 2015  and taken away from Menelik Hospital in the Capital, Finfinne/Addis Ababa, where they have been doing their internship. Another eight Oromo nationals in Goro, Bale (Husen Abdo Naja, Jemal Mohammad Kabo, Mohammad Husen Kedir, Mohammad Husen Aliyyi, Ibro Abdu, Abdulkarim Qamar, Abdul Wahib, and Ahmad) were arrested and detained on the 8th of December, 2015. The homes of all those detained Oromos were searched on allegations of hiding weapons.
list-of-peopleIn addition to the figures issued in the recent two releases[1], HRLHA has obtained the names of about 82 more victims of the extra-judicial killings by the federal armed forces and security agents of the Federal Government of Ethiopia. Among them were a seven-month expecting woman (victim # 118), and a mother and a son. Below is the list of those victim:
The Human Rights League of the Horn of Africa (HRLHA)  strongly condemn the brutal and inhuman treatment of the EPRDF Government against Oromo Nation and urge to halt it genocidal actions against innocent citizens.
It also calls upon International community, UN Human Rights Council, International Human Rights Organization,  donor Governments and NGOs to put all possible pressures on Ethiopian Government to halt its ethnic persecution and crime against humanity in Oromia Regional State.

Friday, December 25, 2015

HRLHA: A Call for the UN Human Rights Council to Create a Commission of Inquiry for Oromia Regional State/Ethiopia

                                                    HRLHA

Dec 24, 2015
Shocked and grieved by the unprecedented tyrannical actions and gross human rights violations perpetrated by the Ethiopian Government against the Oromo Nation in the past twenty five years, since the present government came into power in1991;
Condemning the recent deadly violence against Oromo peaceful demonstrators staged against the so called “Addis Ababa Integrated Master Plan”- violence that has already claimed more than 200 lives including, children and senior citizens in December 2015 alone with more than 50,000 imprisoned,;
Recalling that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights guarantees the right to life, liberty and security of person, freedom of opinion and expression, freedom of peaceful demonstration and assembly,
Recalling further that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights prohibits torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, arbitrary arrest and detention,
The HRLHA calls on the United Nations Human Rights Council:
  • to create an international commission of inquiry to investigate the recent alleged serious violations of international customary law and international human rights law by the Ethiopian Government
  • to request the UN Commissioner of Human Rights to dispatch a mission to Oromia Regional State/Ethiopia immediately to investigate the alleged violations
In the meantime, the HRLHA calls upon the UN Human Rights Council to use its mandate to put pressure on the Ethiopian Government:
  • to immediately bring the “Agazi” paramilitary members who cold-bloodedly attacked the peaceful demonstrators to justice
  • to unconditionally free all  Oromo prisoners of conscience and  others arbitrarily detained, including those held before for no reason and  during the peaceful protests of April-March 2014 and November – December 2015 against the ” Addis Ababa Integrated Master Plan “
  • to refrain from reprisals against Oromos who have taken part in peaceful demonstrations
Background Reports:
The Ethiopian People Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) government’s gross human rights abuses against the Oromo Nation in the past 25 years have been widely reported by domestic, regional and international human rights organizations and international media including Human Rights Watch (HRW), Amnesty (AI), the Human Rights League of the Horn of Africa (HRLHA)[1], the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and others.

table

table

TPLF declares war on Oromia

Tuesday, December 22, 2015

What Is Behind the Oromo Rebellion in Ethiopia?

By Yohannes Woldemariam, Associate Professor of International Relations and Environmental Studies at Fort Lewis College
BBnITyG(Huffington Post) — The Ethiopian government is now faced with unprecedented rebellion from the Oromo ethnic group, consisting 35% of the Ethiopia’s population, which it disingenuously claims is inspired by terrorism. The immediate pretext is theAddis Ababa Master Plan encroaching and displacing Oromo farmers, but this masksa deeper grievance which has been brewing for at least two decades under this regime, and for over a century under successive highland Ethiopian rulers. In the following, I will try to provide some context and offer some analysis of the danger Ethiopia and the region are facing.
Background
The late Ethiopian Prime Minster, Meles Zenawi, achieved power in 1991 as “the first among equals” in a ruling coalition. After the 1998-2000 “border war” with Eritrea, he moved to consolidate his power by rewarding loyalists and weakening or imprisoning his rivals. Meles institutionalized one-party rule of the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) and his Tigrayan inner circle, with the participation of other co-opted ethnic elites who were brought into the ruling alliance under the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF).
The EPRDF consists of four groups: the Oromo Peoples’ Democratic Organization (OPDO), the Amhara National Democratic Movement (ANDM), the South Ethiopian Peoples’ Democratic Front (SEPDF) and the Tigrayan Peoples’ Liberation Front (TPLF). The Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) decided to withdraw from the EPRDF coalition in 1992 and was pushed out after unsuccessfully trying to assert its independence from the TPLF within the coalition. The role of OPDO, ANDM and SEPDF is simply to rubber stamp TPLF’s agenda. In North American parlance, one can describe the members of OPDO, ANDM and SEPDF as the uncle Toms of Ethiopian society.
Zenawi’s violent crackdown on the 2005 demonstrations protesting the widely believed rigged election was a clear indication of his determination to hang on to power. In the 2010 elections, the EPRDF won 499 out of 547 parliamentary seats — with all but two others going to EPRDF-allied parties — and all but one of 1,904 council seats in regional elections. Despite the semblance of parliamentary rule, those elected were irrelevant to the governance of the country, since the TPLF and PM Zenawi maintained near absolute control over the country’s politics.
If there was any doubt in 2005, in the 2010 and 2015 elections, it became clear that this was a one-party rule with a vengeance, ensuring the triumph of repression, the squashing of dissenting voices and the shutting down of independent media. Elections in Ethiopia are shenanigans to show complete EPRDF control rather than engagement in democracy. There is a clampdown on internet access, and the arrest and sentencing of political opponents and journalists. Even two Swedish journalistsreporting in the Ogaden were imprisoned on terrorism charges.
Succession Not Transition
There was a speculation that Meles’s passing in august 2012could touch off an internal power struggle expected to take place within the ranks of his loyalists. But the succession of a new prime minister turned out to be an uneventful affair and at least outwardly peaceful. The number of Tigrayans in the cabinet decreased, but key posts remain in the hands of aging Tigrayan loyalists. The talk of “generational change” over the past few years was simply a charade.
Among the exceptions is the current PM Hailemariam Desalegn, the relatively unknown ex-Deputy Prime Minister. Desalegn’s ethnicity gives a superficial semblance of balance and cover for the Tigrayan oligarchy. Desalegn is a Wolayta, a somewhat marginalized ethnicity in the periphery of Ethiopian society, and a born-again Christian in a country where the dominant church is Ethiopian Orthodox. He never participated in the armed struggle that brought the various factions of the EPRDF to power. His status as an outsider was perceived by many to be an asset that gave him broader legitimacy, insulated him from criticism, and allowed him to present himself as an underdog protected from the historical baggage of the Amhara and Tigrayans.
Yet, in his three years in power, Desalegn has announced few new policies. Some suggest that he is a mere figurehead and that real power is still within a core TPLF group shadowing him. In any case, party leaders seem lost without Zenawi. They govern on autopilot, following the vision and templates he left behind. In effect, Zenawi is ruling from the grave. Yet developments like the Oromo uprising expose the limits of ruling from the grave. Regime officials seem confused. Different officials say different things and contradict each other. They look like deer caught in the headlights. As is often the case, oppressors are blind to what they perpetrate on their victims and surprised when the oppressed rise up defiantly.
Resistance to EPRDF Rule
While opposition and discontent have been growing in Ethiopia, the security apparatus is ever vigilant against them . Rioting Muslims were effectively contained. The TPLF marginalized both the legal and the extra-legal opposition, leaving little option but to protest as in the current Oromo uprising. The few co-opted Oromo elites within the EPRDF have little credibility, and protesters scoff at statements coming from Oromo leaders serving the regime.
Other ethnic groups deeply dissatisfied are the Ogadenis, Gambella and Benishangul-Gumuz. The Ogaden national liberation Front (ONLF) in Ogaden is waging an insurgency exacerbated by forcible relocations to allow oil and gas exploration. Similar insurgency rages in Oromia led by the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF). Oromia was incorporated into the Ethiopian empire in the 1880s by emperor Menelik IIduring the time the European scramble for Africa was underway.
Resentment to TPLF rule extends even among parts of Tigray, where a part of the population feel left out by the TPLF elites interested only in making money and investing it in the capital or abroad. The EPRDF has unsuccessfully lobbied the U.S. government to label the ONLF and the OLF as terrorist organizations. Nevertheless, the controversial use and abuse of the Anti-Terrorism Law is applied with impunity. The government attributes the ongoing Muslim and Oromo protest to infiltration from Saudi Arabia, Eritrea and the opposition Ginbot 7 movement.
Despite a dishonest attempt to externalize the issue, Ethiopian Muslims, who number anywhere from 40% to 50% of the population, and the Oromo have historically been marginalized, and the protest is very much homegrown and rooted in a long list of grievances.
Ethiopia, the U.S. and its Western Allies
Ethiopia is a key strategic ally for the War on Terror, which insulates it from any UScondemnation. Ethiopia receives the largest aid in Africa — an average $3.3 billionper year. The government abuses aid money to the extent that evengovernment-provided seeds and fertilizer is denied to farmers who are not party members. Regarding the current uprising, the United States has issued a statement of concern. However, the regime itself is noticably unconcerned because it knows these statements by the U.S. are accompanied by little or no action. Even the African Union, with its headquarter in Addis Ababa, while rightly concerned about a potential genocide inBurundi, is conspicuously silent on the massacre taking place against the Oromo right on its doorstep.
The late Zenawi had the wit to position himself as an indispensable ally of the West in the fight against “terrorism.” Ethiopia is seen as a bulwark against extremism and the chaos of Somalia. From the U.S. point of view, Ethiopia is a military bridgehead to contain Al Qaida infiltration in Somalia and even across the Red Sea in Yemen.
International aid subsidizes about 50 % of Ethiopia’s national budget. United Kingdom funding of $4.9billion for a brutal resettlement scheme was only withdrawn this year.Germany continues to aid Ethiopia for “strategic” reasons despite voicing concern about human rights violations. The regime has deepened its economic relationship with China (which is tight-lipped on human rights issues) by utilizing its comparative advantage: capitalizing on the availability of plentiful cheap labor and Chinese subsidies for projects encroaching in Oromia.
The Economy
Zenawi engineered Ethiopia’s success in securing aid from the European Union and the U.S.; he was adept at maneuvering and securing money from Western financial institutions that even his detractors acknowledge. He counted among his admirers big names such as Professor Jeffrey Sachs of Harvard as well as Professor Joseph Stiglitz of Columbia University and a recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics. The country’s rulers have perfected the culture of begging and dependency and are nowappealing for a $1.4 billion to feed the 10.2 million drought victims even though they engage in the business of leasing fertile land to foreign investors who export everything they grow. Drought does not have to lead to hunger and famine, if a government plans for it. Poor governments can store grain when there is good harvest in preparation for such emergencies.
Consistent with the notion of state-directed developmentalism espoused by the EPRDF, it aspired to oversee the development of roads, rail, electricity and telecommunications, boasting double-digit growth although the IMF disputes those figures and puts the growth rate at 7.5 per cent . It did succeed in Addis Ababa gettingsub-Saharan Africa’s first light-rail network. However, the government’s claim that its socio-economic policies have helped the poor is disputed by critics, who point out that the primary beneficiaries are the political elite and that the gap between the elites and the poor is ever wider. The Oromo uprising is partially resentment over displacement and over environmental damage in the name of development.Corruption is rampant in the country. Theft from state enterprises and participation in the black market, including widespread graft is all too common.
Federalism
Ethiopia under the EPRDF was officially declared a federal state. In states with true federalism, regions enjoy political primacy, as it is they who consciously decide to form the state, unlike centralized states where the constituting units come into being in line with EPRDF administrative requirements from the center. The strong center in Ethiopia never allowed for the true spirit of federalism to emerge. The country could never rid itself of the lingering grievance of the regions, of not getting their share, commensurate with their resources. There is a whole list of such claims, such as, misuse of river waters and cheaply leasing of indigenous land to foreign capitalists, urbanization (as in Addis Ababa’s Master Plan), and increasing Deforestation.
The TPLF military and the future
The Ethiopian military as an institution has acquired unprecedented power. Under any conceivable scenario, the military will continue to be a key and decisive player. Yet, it is not a truly national army; at the officer corps level, it is heavily dominated by Tigreans. Historically, the rank and file soldiers come mostly from the Oromo nation and have been the cannon fodder in the country’s numerous wars under Haile Sellassie, Mengistu Hailemariam, and now under the TPLF dictatorship. There is deep grievance within the army resulting in high profile desertions from the Air Force and other branches.
Control of key economic sectors by the military under the EPRDF have made it difficult to limit its role to a strictly military one. The military’s role has other consequences of spiraling ethnic conflicts which have reached a boiling point in the current uprising. EPRDF rule has engendered profound hatred and resentments among different groups with Ethiopian society and among the former ruling classes of the Amhara ethnic group.
The Ogadenis have a longstanding group grievance that is part and parcel of their indomitable desire for self-determination, which has never been addressed. The current uprising is a culmination of systematic injustice perpetrated against the Oromo. Resistance in Ethiopia in the absence of political space for cross-ethnic alliances is being channeled along ethnic and religious lines, potentially setting the stage for the balkanization of the country. In the 20th century, highland monarchist absolutism, Stalinist dictatorships and today’s make-believe “democratic federalism” may contribute more to fragmentation and dismemberment than nation-building. The legacy of dictatorship, from Menelik II, Haile Selassie, Mengistu Hailemariam to Meles Zenawi has endangered the country.
Ethiopia’s future is, therefore, clouded with uncertainties.

Ethiopia arrests journalist after channel reports on protests

Fikadu Mirkana
Fikadu Mirkana
Nairobi, December 22, 2015 (CPJ) –The Committee to Protect Journalists calls on authorities in Ethiopia to release news anchor Fikadu Mirkana. Fikadu, who works for the state-run broadcaster Oromia Radio and TV, was arrested at his Addis Ababa home on Saturday morning, according to news reports.
CPJ could not determine the reason for Fikadu’s arrest. It comes as Oromia Radio and TV has, in recent weeks, covered protests against a plan to expand the Ethiopian capital, in a move that campaigners say would displace hundreds of thousands of farmers, according to news reports. Dozens of protesters have been killed during clashes with police during the unrest in the regional state of Oromia, according to a Human Rights Watchreport.
“Journalists have a vital role to play in ensuring the flow of information, both from the Ethiopian government and also, critically, from those who will be affected by its decisions,” said CPJ Africa Program Coordinator Sue Valentine in New York. “We call on authorities to release Fikadu Mirkana immediately.”
It is not clear where Fikadu is being held and neither his family nor his lawyers have been allowed access to him, an Addis Ababa-based journalist, who has spoken with Fikadu’s family and who requested anonymity for fear of retribution, told CPJ.
The Ethiopian authorities in Addis Ababa and the Ethiopian embassy in Nairobi did not immediately respond to CPJ’s request for details about Fikadu’s arrest.
In recent weeks, the Ethiopian government has used anti-terror rhetoric against campaigners, with the communications minister, Getachew Reda, branding them “terrorists” and “demonic,” according to a column by Awol Allo, a fellow in human rights at the London School of Economics and Political Science, published Saturday on Al-Jazeera‘s website. This language usually presages a crackdown on dissenters, the column said. Protests in Oromia, a region that stretches across central Ethiopia and is home to a third of the country’s population, have affected at least 30 towns and prompted the arrest of more than 500 people since mid-November, according tonews reports.
Ethiopia is the third largest jailer of journalists on the African continent, with at least 10 behind bars on December 1, CPJ’s 2015 prison census shows.